International Journal of Advances in 
Engineering & Technology
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ISSN: 2231-1963

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Volume 7 Issue 4

S.No. Article Title & Authors (Volume 7, Issue 4, September-2014) Page Nos. Online
1. Designing A Secure Database for the Assignment Decision-Making for Tenders Based on Cloud Computing
Anhar Khairy Al-deen
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1109-1130, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
Cloud computing for tenders has been programmed based on the Linux kernel 2.3.6 and the language of PHP code to build desktop applications needed to run the system on the Internet and the system uses protocols http, https, ftp, SSL, the user name and password will be entered for Registration on the cloud computing and used it in the next login. The password encrypt by using MD5 Hash function, then the encrypted password & User Name is storing in cloud database. A Tenders website was designed special for General Directorate for the North Electricity Distribution - Commercial Affairs Department / tenders by using asp.net language , via this site the tenders advertisements is publish and invite to apply to the tender, then the applicant can fill the required information & upload all the required documents on the website voice conference contract by using VOIP technique especial for applicant on tenders to answer their participants questions. K* Algorithm(By Weka) was used in order to classify applicants to tender to complete and incomplete and is only allowed the applicants to tender who is complete the requirements(conditions) to lift the profile commercial offer on cloud computing then encrypts the file by using the SHA3 Hash function.

1109-1130 Click Here
2. Design Against the Vulnerability of Overhead Transmission Line Caused by Galloping
Miranda Kullolli, Genci Sharko and Rejnald Zyfib
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1131-1140, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
Transmission Lines often face severe ice or wind loads which may damage them and affect power system reliability. Even when the best design criteria are met, there are continues risks of extensive damage to overhead lines when extreme wind or ice storms exceed the designing criteria. One of weather related phenomena is galloping. The galloping phenomenon has been difficult to study due to his random nature. Moreover, utilities should not ignore effects of global warming and changes of climatic loads which may happen. In this paper, the minimum distance required between conductors of new 400kV transmission line Tirana - Podgorica, is calculated using Davison's method. The conductor loops during galloping are calculated in different conditions. The results show that in the standard conditions design, the galloping ellipses do not touch each other. Meantime, the 10% changes of the standard conditions causes the contact between the galloping ellipses, either between the phases or between phases and grounded wires. The minimum distance between conductors and ground wires is suggested. In these spans it is noticed the phenomenon of non - elastic extension (elongation) of metal conductor, due to the fatigue as result of the long - term mechanical strain of the metal conductor.

1131-1140 Click Here
3. Factors Influencing Students' Performance in Computer Programming: A Fuzzy Set Operations Approach
Olalekan S. AKINOLA, Kazeem A. NOSIRU
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1141-1149, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
We are still far from a full understanding of why some students learn to program easily and quickly while others do not. Some factors influencing performance of students in learning computer programming was investigated in this study; with a view to provide a basis for informed discussions on how to improve curricula and enhance the interest of Computer Science students in programming. A structured questionnaire was administered on 168 students of Computer Science at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria on factors they considered affecting their performance in computer programming. A fuzzy set operations approach to solving group decision making problems was then adopted on their responses. This method considers two kinds of sets. The first set is a collection of factors, while the second set is a collection of decision-makers. Respondents gave their opinions according to their own criteria for each factor on a five-point scale (Strongly Agreed, Agreed, Undecided, Disagreed and Strongly Disagreed). The union of their evaluations to all the currently available alternatives was represented in the form of a fuzzy set. The result showed that the punctuality and regularity of the lecturers were the most important factors, followed by the students' personal interest in programming students' regular attendance at classes, students' positive perception about programming and the lecturers' attitudes in class in that order.

1141-1149 Click Here
4. Fuzzy Pert For Project Management
Thaeir Ahmed Saadoon Al Samman, Ramadan M. Ramo Al Brahemi
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1150-1160, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
One of the most challenging jobs that any manager can take on in the management of a large scale project that requires coordinating numerous activities throughout the organization. A myriad of details must be considered in planning how to coordinate all these activities, in developing a realistic schedule, and then in monitoring the progress of the project. Fortunately, two closely related operations research techniques, PERT (program evaluation and review techniques) and CPM (critical path method) were developed in the 50's, within different contexts: the CPM was developed for planning and control of DuPont engineering projects and the PERT was developed for the management of the production cycle of the Polaris missile. They share the same objectives such as defining the project duration and the critical task. The PERT/CPM technique is based on two straight steps; a forward propagation to define the earliest start and finish dates (and subsequently the project duration and the free floats), and a backward promulgation for the latest start and finish dates (and the total floats). Initially, the activity times are static within the CPM technique and probabilistic within the PERT technique. Over the last few decades, both CPM and PERT techniques have been universal to fuzzy and stochastic areas. To treaty with uncertainty in project management. Predominantly, Fuzzy PERT and CPM are to be deliberated to treaty particularly with fuzzy planning. On the antagonistic to PERT/CPM technique that ignores any consideration of resources, other Fortuitously, two closely related operations research techniques, PERT (program evaluation and review techniques) and CPM (critical path method) are presented to assist the project manager in carrying out these responsibilities PERT/cost is a systematic produce (normally computerized) to help the project manager plan schedule, and control projects cost. The PERT/cost produce begins with the hard work of developing an estimate of the cost each activity when it is performed in the planning way (including any crashing). We propose to improve PERT by using Fuzzy Delphi for estimating T1, Tm, and T3 for each activity the fuzzy PERT is illustrated and give case study in readymade factory. The result of the proposed model and time-cost tradeoff. In the next section proposed model is more thoroughly defined, this proposed model is more thoroughly defined. This is followed by the application of the fuzzy logic to Pajamas in realty wear(clothing) factory In Mosul. PERT/cost is a systematic produce (normally computerized) to help the project manager plan schedule, and control projects cost. The PERT/cost produce begins with the hard work of developing an estimate of the cost each activity when it is performed in the planning way (including any crashing).we propose to improve PERT by using Fuzzy Delphi for estimating T1 , Tm , T3 for each activity the fuzzy PERT is illustrated and give case study in readymade factory.

1150-1160 Click Here
5. Land Use Changes Across River Nanyuki Catchment, Kenya using Claslite and Envi
Sada Haruna, Patrick Home and Maurice Nyadawa
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1161-1169, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
Land use change is a significant factor in environmental conservation and climate change which may be positive or negative depending on how it occurs. The study aimed at examining the land use changes that took place across River Nanyuki catchment from 1984 to 2010. Landsat images of the area were downloaded from USGS database and processed using CLASlite, a forest monitoring application developed by Carnegie Institute for Science (CIS) and ENVI software for land use classification and change detection. Four predominant land use classes were considered, namely forest, agriculture, uncultivated area, and water. Over the study period, the area was observed to have experienced different modifications, most notable being deforestation in the upper part of the catchment where Mount Kenya Forest extended with an overall accuracy of 80%. Most of the deforestation was understood to have taken place in the 1980s and 1990s with 2.5% forest depletion between 1984 and 1995.

1161-1169 Click Here
6. Iron Ore Tailing as Fine Aggregate in Mortar used for Masonry
T. I. Ugama and S. P. Ejeh
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1170-1178, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
Experiments were conducted to determine the suitability of iron ore tailing (IOT) as fine aggregate replacement of sand (RS) for mortar used for masonry. The use of iron ore tailing (IOT) from Itakpe mines near Okene in Kogi state of Nigeria will ensure economy in mortar production as well as a better way of disposing the tailing. Mix design was carried out for mortar using absolute volume method. The mix for the mortar specimen is one part cement and three part fine aggregate (1:3). The constituent materials were batched by weight. The mix with only river sand (RS) as fine aggregate served as the control mix, while sand was replaced in the other mixes by 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% iron ore tailing (IOT). It was observed that the Iron or tailing contain more fines passing BS number 200 sieve than the river sand used. Twenty-eight (28) days compressive strength, indirect tensile and flexural strength values of 34.67N/mm2, 1.82N/mm2 and 7.04N/mm2 respectively were obtained for mortar when 20% iron ore tailing (IOT) was used. These values are comparable to 28days compressive strength, indirect tensile and flexural strength values of 36.95N/mm2, 1.76N/mm2 and 5.73N/mm2 respectively obtained for the mortar control mix. The optimum combination of iron ore tailing (IOT) and sand (RS) is therefore 20% IOT and 80% RS.

1170-1178 Click Here
7. Thermal Modelling of Green Roofed Urban Buildings
Sadiq Abubakar Gulma, Patrick Ajwang and Stephen N. Ondimu
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1179-1190, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
The study of the effects of green roof has intensified over recent years, mostly because of the need to make our dwellings energy efficient. This study aims to develop a new thermal model, called GRUBCLIM, that predicts the indoor air temperature of urban buildings with living green roofs and to examine the thermal effects of green roofs on indoor air temperature. A field experiment study was conducted in Kenya, where microclimate parameters used in validation and simulation of the model were measured. The experiment was carried out in a way that the effect of both natural and mechanical ventilation was shut out. Modelling and simulation was done in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The model was validated with data measured at the field site for 12 days. Simulations were carried out for another 19 days. The results show a good agreement of the predicted indoor air temperature of GRUBCLIM with the measured values. The thermal reductions inside the building offered by the living green roofs were averagely 2.16 degree C during daytime, signifying their importance in heat gain reduction.

701-711 Click Here
8. Intelligent Control For A Greenhouse Climate
Mohamed Massour El Aoud and Mostafa Maher
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1191-1205, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
The greenhouse is designed to recreate an environment wherein the temperature, humidity and light are monitored and adjusted to optimize the conditions of plant cultivation. The algorithms of control proposed in this paper are based on the use of three methods: optimal control, fuzzy control and fuzzy adaptive control. The advantage of fuzzy logic is its ability to process imprecise. It comes from the human ability to decide and act appropriately despite the uncertainty of available knowledge. The synthesis of fuzzy controllers for controlling MIMO systems requires writing a lot of rules and setting an impressive number of parameters. The goal we have set is to reduce the complexity of the fuzzy controller through an optimization technique based on gradient descent algorithm. This paper shows that it is possible to control the greenhouse by using a fuzzy adaptive algorithm. The study is illustrated with several representative numerical examples

712-722 Click Here
9. Compressive Strength and Sorptivity Properties of Pet Fiber Reinforced Concrete
R. N. Nibudey, P. B. Nagarnaik, D. K. Parbat, A. M. Pande
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1206-1216, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
This paper presents experimental results of compressive strength and sorptivity for normal concrete and PET fiber reinforced concrete (PFRC). The PET fibers used in this study were obtained manually from waste mineral water bottles. Two grades, M20 and M30, of concrete and two fiber geometry of aspect ratios 35 and 50 with fiber volume fractions 0.0 to 3.0% were used in the experiments. Each specimen was tested after 28 days of curing. It was found that the compressive strength of PFRC increased and the sorptivity of PFRC was decreased with respect to normal concrete. The optimum fiber volume fraction of PET fibers was found to be 1%. From the test results, mathematical models for predicting sorptivity of PFRC in terms of compressive strength and fiber volume fraction were established and which works within 90% confidence limit. The addition of PET fibers in concrete tends to restrict water propagation in the concrete and causes reduction in sorptivity. The decrease in sorptivity of PFRC is favorable to the durability of the reinforced cement concrete structures. The fibers used in the study were made up from waste plastics which help to reduce the cost FRC and resolve solid waste disposal problems also.

1206-1216 Click Here
10. Influence of Coarse Fraction on Compaction Characteristics and CBR Strength of a Fine Grained Soil
C. Sreenivasulu, T. Sravani, M. Seshalalitha and R. Pavani
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1217-1226, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
The present investigation aims at studying the influence of coarse fraction on compaction characteristics and CBR strength of a fine grained soil. Replacement levels of coarse fraction in the soil have been kept at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%and 100%. The investigation is carried out by conducting the various tests to determine optimum moisture content (OMC), maximum dry density (MDD), California bearing ratio (CBR) on these mixtures. From the results, it is observed that OMC has been gradually decreased with the increased percentage of coarse fraction till some level and thereafter OMC has increased. Whereas, MDD has been increased with the increased percentage of coarse fraction till some level and thereafter this value has decreased. It is noted that the CBR value of 2.5 mm penetration is greater than or equal to 5mm penetration for all the mixes.

1217-1226 Click Here
11. Leakage Power Reduction of on Chip SRAM Cells
D.Sridhar, K.Somesh Kumar, G.V. Ramanaiah
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1227-1232, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
Exponential growth of battery based porartable applications mandatory new SRAM cell but this cell stand by leakage power has become a major issue in recent trend low power fabrication with technology scaling and for high temperature operations. In this work has emphasized on low power dissipation, read/write delay and stability of SRAM cell. Paper shows the performance of a new LP12T cell. The proposed LP12T cell is compared with traditional LP10T and 6T cell on MICROWIND 3.1 simulator using BSIM4 model for 120 nm and 65nm at wide range of temperature. The average power dissipation is reduced for 120nm and 65nm respectively and the time response for read/write operation is slightly improved compared to LP 10T and 6T cell at mentioned scale.

1227-1232 Click Here
12. Wavelet Based Soft Thresholding Approach For Color Image Denoising
Koti Shalini, L V N Prasad
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1233-1237, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
In this research paper we proposed a new approach for color Image denoising using wavelet soft thresholding. The denoising process rejects noise by thresholding in the wavelet domain. Wavelet analysis is powerful tool for Image Denoising when Image are to be viewed or processed at multiple resolution Wavelet Transform is the mathematical tool for denoising. Discrete wavelet transform has the benefit of giving a joint time frequency representation of the signal. Also it is suitable for both stationary and non-stationary signals and is the most appropriate System in the field of signal detection. Discrete wavelet transform is implemented through multi resolution analysis and digital filter banks. The proposed method was applied by using MATLAB R2013a with color images contaminated by white Gaussian noise.

1233-1237 Click Here
13. Stabilization of Red Mud by Lime, Gypsum and Investigating its Possible use as a Geotechnical Material in the Civil Construction
Kusum Deelwal, Kishan Dharavath & Mukul Kulshreshtha
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1238-1244, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and the behavior of red mud derived from the aluminum industry for the production of alumina from bauxite, and is generally discarded as a waste product. This red mud is stabilized by adding lime in different percentage and the behavior of the same is studied. In this present study the red mud is stabilized by 4, 8, and 12 percentages of lime. Same combinations are further studied by mixing 1% of gypsum to enhance the strength characteristics. Basic index properties like specific gravity, Atter Berg's limit, and Engineering properties like the unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio tests were conducted at 1 and 7 days curing periods only. From the test data it was observed that 12% lime with 1% gypsum has shown higher UCS value compared to other percentages for 7 days of curing. A higher value of CBR i.e. 7.9% was obtained for 12 %Lime. Hence Red mud stabilized with lime can be used as sub base, base course and also sub grade material for road construction.

1238-1244 Click Here
14. Inventory Control and Cost Transition for Optimum Transition Policy
PV Senthiil, Aakash Sirusshti
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1245-1253, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
Every manufacturing industry has put in continuous efforts for its survival in the current impulsive and competitive economy. In order to handle the critical situation, manufacturers are trying to implement new and innovative techniques in their manufacturing process by making it more effective and efficient. The results revealed that the status of Lean Manufacturing (LM) implementation in still in thriving stage. This paper will further assist the organizations to improve its process, align it to the requirements of its customers and relentless contribution to manufacturing sector to enhance productivity, quality and competitiveness is immense. Organization that adopt lean manufacturing tends to change from push to pull, this type of transition can be done by adopting this change from a single stage processing system to a multistage processing system, during this phase due to it may result in building the kanban inventory, at the same time the plant need to process the regular customer orders, it may affect the capacity of the workstation, and may result in the backlog and may the customer lead times. For this we can add more resources to the plant, or we can defer some customer orders, in this paper we are building up two models one for inventory control and other for cost transition and thereby we can find the optimum transition policy.

1245-1253 Click Here
15. Challenger's Media
M.Nalini, G.Jayasudha and Nandhini.J.Rao
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1254-1260, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
In the present scenario, the deaf-dumb and blind people focuses a lot of problems in their day to day life. Communication is one of the major problem faced by them. To solve this problem a special embedded kit was developed. Here the hand sign shown by the deaf-dumb will be converted into voice, Blind can hear the converted voice through the speaker, and reply from the blind will be given by using the special keypad which will display the message typed by the blind using the LCD display which can be viewed by deaf-dumb. So in this way deaf-dumb can convey their message to blind through the speaker and blind can convey their message to deaf-dumb through the LCD display. Now both way communication is possible using this technique.

1254-1260 Click Here
16. A Heuristic Approach to Retrofit and Automation of Machines using PLC
K. P. Kiran Kumar and S. Nagendra Prasad
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1261-1270, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
The conventional machines become phenomenally productive and flexible by retrofitting them with automated controllers. Refurbishing and upgradation of old machines restore them close to their original performance levels. Today, the concept of remanufacturing machine tools is emerging. Additionally, these cost-effective solutions of automation are equally beneficial to small, medium and large industries. Industrial automation is largely based on PLC-based control systems. This paper highlights a case study of retrofitting and automation of a filament coiling machine for successful performance with increased productivity and accuracy. Technological upgradation in MSME sector can be brought about suitably by retrofits and automation for cost effectiveness and higher productivity.

1261-1270 Click Here
17. Potash Estimation in Soil using RF Technique
Sulaxana R.Vernekar, IngridAnne Nazareth, Jivan S. Parab, Gourish M. Naik
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1271-1274, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
The paper describes RF spectroscopic technique for soil potash sensing. The system consists of a cell designed and constructed to find the RF response of potash over a frequency range of 10MHz-4GHz. The cell is well shielded so as to make the RF response of potash immune to external electromagnetic interferences. The signal is applied to the potash sample cell using tracking signal generator and the response of the sample is measured using RF spectrum analyzer. The RF spectra thus obtained shows attenuation at specific frequencies and has flat response at other frequencies. The spectra also shows a proportional change in attenuation depending upon the concentration of potash sample. Though it is possible to predict the unknown potash sample concentration by qualitative analysis, a quantitative analysis using multivariate algorithm can be more useful for the development of a better instrumentation. The paper proposes Partial Least Square (PLS) based multivariate analysis system for potash concentration estimation.

798-806 Click Here
18. Building an AMBA Compliant Memory Controller using AHB Protocol
M. Chaithanya
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1275-1282, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
Microprocessor performance has improved rapidly these years. In contrast, memory latencies and bandwidths have improved little. The result is that the memory access time has been a bottleneck which limits the system performance. Memory controller (MC) is designed and built to attacking this problem. The memory controller is the part of the system that, well, controls the memory. The memory controller is normally integrated into the system chipset. This paper shows how to build an Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) compliant MC as an Advanced High-performance Bus (AHB) slave. The MC is designed for system memory control with the main memory consisting of SRAM and ROM. Additionally, the problems met in the design process are discussed and the solutions are given in the paper.

1275-1282 Click Here
19. DC-DC Buck-Boost and SEPIC Converters to Drive Led Lights
Gaurav Pathak and Anmol Ratna Saxena
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1283-1293, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
LEDs are current controlled device and have low dynamic resistance. To regulate current across LEDs, DC-DC Converters are used. These drivers control the power transfer from source to LEDs and hence control the brightness. This paper presents a comparative study between dc-dc buck-boost converter and SEPIC converter to drive an LED array. SEPIC converter which is a fourth-order converter provides non inverting output voltage as compared to Buck-Boost converter. Furthermore, it allows low ripples in the inductor current. Modeling of SEPIC and Buck-Boost converter with Led modeled as resistive load is also presented. A PWM control scheme is implemented to provide proper dimming control as well as to distinguish the behavior of drivers on the basis of its controlling performance. It is observed that to provide better dimming, it is advantageous to use SEPIC converter as compared to Buck-Boost converter. In order to validate the comparative analysis, simulation results are carried out in MATLAB SIMULINK.

818-826 Click Here
20. Optimization of Savonius Rotor for Wind Turbine
Ahire Vaishali V., Swati A Patil, A. G. Thakur
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1294-1299, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
Increasing demand in energy facilitated the need of clean energy such as wind energy. This study was done to investigate the design and development of a micro Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)-Savonius Type. In regions where wind speed is limited Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) do not have a practical application due to high wind speed requirement. VAWT provide operational abilities at lower speeds and do not require an alignment mechanism. Through an exhaustive bibliographical research, it is possible to identify the influence parameters, and to show that the aerodynamic efficiency of the Savonius rotor can be notably improved via a judicious choice of its geometrical parameters. Modified forms of the conventional Savonius rotors are being investigated in an effort to improve the power. The modification are made in the shape of the conventional Savonius rotor, and for different velocity ranging from 2m/s to 8m/s the effect on the torque generated is examined and compared with the conventional Savonius rotor, with small change in the shape of the conventional Savonius rotor we observe the drastic change in the power generation by theoretical calculation and analysis by software.

1294-1299 Click Here
21. ZnSe Thin Films- A Brief Review
R. K. Pathak and Shraddha Bais
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1300-1305, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
ZnSe thin film deposition and their properties are briefly reviewed in this article. This includes analysis of structural (crystallinity, grain size and surface texture), electrical, corrosive and optical properties (absorbance, transmittance, refractive index and optical band gap). It has been observed that the deposition of ZnSe films dependent on various parameters like deposition technique, deposition temperature, bath composition, deposition time, thickness of the film etc. ZnSe thin films had the best preferential orientation of crystallinity to (111) plane of f.c.c. structure; however hexagonal wurtzite structure is also seen.

1300-1305 Click Here
22. Mining Association Rules from Large Data Bases- A Review
R.Priya, Ananthi Sheshasaayee
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1306-1311, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
In today's world, the amount of data transfer has been increasing in a fast pace in all fields due to the rapid advancements in Information technology. It is always intended to obtain meaningful, valuable information that isn't explored earlier from datasets by applying data mining technique .In data mining techniques, association rules are one of the most preferred techniques. Apriori algorithm is the extensively used one for Association mining. Usually the user is interested in finding relationships between certain attributes instead of considering the whole dataset. The preference in selecting the target attribute in the association algorithms aids in generating association rules. The generated rules and the related results will allow us to take decisions for the future. This paper provides preliminaries of basic concepts about Associative Rule Mining and its techniques. Associative Rule Mining is one of the most important data mining techniques designed to group objects together from large databases to find interesting relation or correlations from huge dataset. In this article we provide a brief review and analysis of frequent pattern mining paving new directions on research.

1306-1311 Click Here
23. Design and Development of Air-Less Car Tire
K.Periasamy, S.Vijayan
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1312-1317, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
In this work, models of air-less tire is constructs to simulate the loading condition. The driver mind-stress may reduce by using air-less tire in automobile field by avoiding air related problems in the tire. Mean while uniform traction and wear as possible to use air-less tire. Air-less tire, air-tire are modeled by SOLID-WORKS modeling software. Model imported from SOLID WORKS to ANSYS to simulate the static compressive loading condition. Both were analyzed through Non-Linear material model. A uniformly distributed edge load acting at the tire-rim contact region. The tire is made by rubber of the hyper-elastic property. Both tires are analyzed by the FEA. Analysis parameters of Air-less-tire are A) Max.deflection-46.8mm, B) Max. Von Mises stress-149 N/mm2, C) Max. Strain energy= 6.14 J. Analysis parameters of Air tire such as A) Max. Deflection= 46.5mm, B) Max. Von Misses stress-49 N/mm2, C) Max strain energy=6.52 J. In the air-less tire manufacturing point of view, material saving is obtained by replacing outer band only after tread wear. The results from analysis can be replaced the air tire by Air-less tire of following parameters. Air-less tire is provide the deflection (46.8mm) nearly same the air tire deflection (46.5mm). Von-Mises Stress of air-less tire and Air tire are within allowable limit. Air-less tire is store adequate Strain energy.

1312-1317 Click Here
24. Improving Effectiveness in Iris Localization using Active Contours with Less Computational Time
Shilpa Modawel & Anurag Jain
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1318-1328, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
Human identification through iris recognition has been acknowledged as one of the most accurate biometric modalities because of its high recognition rate. Generally, the process of iris recognition consists of six subcomponents, viz. iris localization, iris segmentation, normalization, iris feature extraction, and matching. In order to provide successful iris recognition, iris localization plays a major role. In the present study, we compare Daugman, Wildes and Cui and R P Ramkumar methods for Iris localization. The most difficult part in iris identification system is the iris localization. The iris is the colorful part of the eye that surrounds the pupil; it defines the inner and outer boundaries of iris region used for feature analysis. Several researches have been made in the subject of segmentation and iris finding. The efficiency of the algorithms can be increased if the inner boundary and outer boundary of iris are detected accurately and also the computational cost will be reduced. This paper mainly focuses on iris localization process. Section 2 deals with overview of existing iris localization Algorithms and their comparison. Then Section 3 insists on the proposed method. In this proposed iris localization method, a segmentation techniques is used based on active contours which is 100% accurate compared to Daugman's integro-differential method. For iris outer boundary detection, contrast enhancement, special wedges, and thresholding are employed to detect the specific iris regions from an eye image, which is capable of almost completely eliminating the geometry-based distortion of defected iris data for any human subject.

1318-1328 Click Here
25. A Multi-level Classification Model Pertaining to the Student's Academic Performance Prediction
Mrinal Pandey and S.Taruna
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1329-1341, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
The students' performance monitoring and evaluation is an essential activity of an education system to keep track of the success and failure records of the students. The objective of this research is to provide the best classification model to predict the students' academic performance. In this paper we propose a Multilevel Classification Model (MLCM) based on Decision Tree Algorithm for the predictions of the academic performance of the undergraduate engineering students. The multi-level classification model consists of two levels. In level one, the four classification models namely Decision Tree (J48), Lazy Learner (IBK), Neural Network (MLP) and Naive Bayes Tree (NBT) were constructed, evaluated and compared. The decision tree classifier was selected for the model construction in this step. In level 2, the overall accuracy of the classification model as well as the accuracy of individual class was enhanced by eliminating the outliers from the original dataset and by constructing Multilevel Classification Model (MLCM) using filtered dataset.

1329-1341 Click Here
26. Wireless Measurement of Intraocular Pressure
Diksha Rathore, Supriya Shree, Anupriyaa Mukherjee, Shaik Jameel
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1342-1346, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
Intraocular pressure is the tissue pressure within the eye, which is determined by the balance between the production and drainage of aqueous humor, the clear fluid inside the human eye. Normal range of IOP is 10-22 mmHg. Tonometry measures the intra ocular pressure. The increased intra ocular pressure is a reason behind many diseases of eye. In this paper, the device is set up which measures the intra ocular pressure by the usage of pressure sensor placed on the eyelid and interfaced with the pic microcontroller. It converts the physiological signal into digital signal and then it will be transmitted through wireless communication. The receiver section will receive the signal and the data will be displayed on the computer.

1342-1346 Click Here
27. Detecting Rogue Bridge Access Point using Threshold Cryptography
Bhale Pradeepkumar.G, T.S. Ravi Chandra, Kolla Raja Sekhar
International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 7 Issue 4, pp. 1347-1358, Sept. 2014.

Abstract
Installing wireless LANs (WLAN) on a broad scale is influenced by performance, availability, reliability and security. The security vulnerability has become the prime factor in wireless LAN design. In the present paper an effective and low cost wireless LAN security solution has been proposed. It is based on eliminating Rogue Bridge access point and prevents their access to the WLAN by deploying the ID based cryptography and threshold secret sharing. The proposed authentication mechanism gives end-to-end security with less resource consumption and communication overhead. In (m, N) threshold cryptography, the master key is generated from m out of N shares. No one can figure out the key using (m-1) shares. This approach maximizes the overall security of the wireless networks.

1347-1358 Click Here