Volume 19 Issue 2

S.No.	Article Title & Authors (Volume 19, Issue 2, April - 2026)	Page Nos.	Status
1.	Evaluation of the Use of Green Liquor Dregs in the Production of Alkali-Activated Materials Oliveira, Cecilia Prado and Motta, Leila Aparecida de Castro International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 19 Issue 2, pp. 13-25, April 2026. ABSTRACT The pulp and paper industry generates approximately 88 kg of solid waste per ton of paper produced. This paper investigates the use of green liquor dregs (GLD) from the kraft pulping stage to produce metakaolin-based alkali-activated binders. The residues were calcined at 915 °C for 2 h to generate reactive calcium oxide, considering its potential porosity-reducing effects on the pastes. The binder’s properties were evaluated through an experimental design based on a central composite planning with three independent variables: the activator/precursor mass ratio; the curing time; and the content of thermally treated dregs as precursor. Spread, compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity and drying shrinkage of the pastes were tested. It was observed that increasing activator/precursor mass ratio is detrimental to compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity and drying shrinkage, due to excess sodium in the mixtures. The increase on percentage of GLD in the precursor also cause decrease on compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity, which can be attributed to three main factors: a reduction of aluminosilicates available for alkali-activation; an insufficient amount of calcium oxide for C-A-S-H formation; and an increase on SiO2/Al2O3 ratio lowering reaction speed. However, if associated with adequate activator/precursor ratio, the reduction in compressive strength is minimum, up to only 3.33 MPa. A decrease in the drying shrinkage of some pastes was also observed when increasing GLD content. These results demonstrate feasibility of the use of GLD in the production of alkali-activated binders.	13-25	Online
2.	AI-Driven Entrepreneurship Model for Retrofitting Four-Wheeler Automobiles Using PMSM Motor and Smart BMS Amit Saxena, Kshitij Shinghal International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 19 Issue 2, pp. 26-34, April 2026. ABSTRACT The rapid transition toward sustainable transportation has opened new entrepreneurial opportunities in retrofitting conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles into electric vehicles (EVs). This research proposes an innovative entrepreneurship model focused on retrofitting four-wheeler automobiles using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM), smart Battery Management Systems (BMS), and AI-based optimization techniques. The novelty of this work lies in integrating AI-driven predictive analytics with retrofit EV architecture to enhance driving range, battery lifespan, and overall system efficiency while maintaining cost-effectiveness for emerging markets. Unlike conventional EV conversion approaches, the proposed system employs machine learning algorithms to dynamically optimize energy consumption based on driving patterns, terrain, and battery health conditions. A smart BMS continuously monitors cell balancing, temperature, and state-of-charge (SOC), while AI models predict degradation trends and suggest adaptive control strategies. The entrepreneurial framework emphasizes scalable business models, low-cost retrofitting kits, and service-based revenue streams, making EV adoption more accessible. Simulation and prototype-level validation demonstrate improved range efficiency (up to 18%), enhanced battery life (approx. 22% increase), and reduced energy losses compared to traditional retrofit systems. The integration of PMSM ensures higher efficiency and better torque characteristics, further improving performance. This research contributes to both technological advancement and entrepreneurship development by presenting a viable, scalable, and sustainable retrofit solution. It supports circular economy principles by extending vehicle life while reducing carbon emissions, making it highly relevant for developing economies transitioning toward green mobility.	26-34	Online
3.	Investigating The Effectiveness of Different Types of Nanoparticles in Enhanced Oil Recovery Temple Emeline Adaoma, Okpara Prince Azundah, Edet Emmanuel Aniedi International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 19 Issue 2, pp. 35-42, April 2026. ABSTRACT Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technique has been proven to be one of the most reliable and cost-effective methods of recovering residual oil. These methods include Gas injection method, Steam Injection method, Chemical injection method (chemicals such as surfactants, polymers etc) and Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery. This work investigates experimentally the density, viscosity, API gravity and flowrate using CuO, SiO and FeO3 in various mass percent concentrations (5 – 25 grams). Ten (10) liters of heavy crude oil were measured and mixed with 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 grams of CuO, SiO and FeO3. The nanoparticles were mixed together in equal mass percent concentrations, left to soak for 24 hours, and then pumped with 1 bar of N2 gas in a laboratory-scale enhanced oil recovery system. At various nanoparticles mass percent concentrations, the density, API Gravity, viscosity, flow rate, and heavy crude oil recovered were measured. The result shows that increase in mass percent concentration reduced the density from 1.29g/cc to 0.901g/cc for FeO3 nanoparticles, 0.95g/cc density was also recorded for CuO and 0.88g/cc was recorded nanoparticles. Increase in concentrations from 5 – 25grams increased the API gravity of the oil from 15.54oAPI to 22.91oAPI for SiO, 27.92oAPI was also recorded for CuO and 27.06oAPI after the combination. Increase in concentration from 5 to 25grams reduced the viscosity from 1.6cp to 0.6cp for SiO, 0.54cp for CuO and 0.76cp after combination. As the mass percent concentration of the nanoparticles increased, the amount of recovered oil increased, as did the cumulative production. More nanoparticles should be investigated to know the best in enhanced oil recovery.	35-42	Online