Volume 17 Issue 5

S.No.	Article Title & Authors (Volume 17, Issue 5, October - 2024)	Page Nos.	Status
1.	Preliminary Tests and Soil Characterization: A Case Study on the Construction of a Food Industry Ronan Martins Coelho Júnior, Gisele Pereira Moraes, Bruno Henrique Lourenço Camargos, Ana Flávia Oliveira Gomes, Luís Fernando Arruda Ferreira, Laila Eduarda Oliveira, Jaqueline Aparecida Melo, Jackson da Silva Rocha Segundo International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 5, pp. 421-437, October 2024. ABSTRACT This paper explores the initial phases and processes involved in constructing a food industry in Divinópolis/MG, Brazil, focusing on a company supplying balanced meals. The study assesses the feasibility of construction, employing the civil engineering laboratory of UEMG/Campus Divinópolis for tasks such as topographical surveys and soil characterization. Various tests, including tactile-visual analysis, granulometry, Atterberg limit, U.S.C.S, HRB, and compaction, reveal a silty-clayey soil with low plasticity. These results support the selection of a direct footing foundation for the project. The importance of soil analysis before foundation decisions is emphasized, as it determines strength and composition predictability, crucial for load distribution. The paper also highlights the potential for soil liquefaction over time, underscoring the importance of anticipating future issues in soil-structure interaction.	421-437	Online
2.	Additive Manufacturing using Cellular Concrete: Development of an Optimized Low-Cost Foam Generator and Aspects Related to Surfactants Efficiency Eduardo Quintella Florêncio, Paulo César Correia Gomes, Rafael Giuliano Pileggi, Ivvy Pedrosa Cavalcante Pessôa Quintella International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 5, pp. 438-447, October 2024. ABSTRACT This paper presents a study on the development and optimization of a simple and low-cost foam generator device designed as a system component to produce lightweight mortar suitable for use in additive manufacturing. The project guidelines are the repeatability of the foam characteristics, continuous production, low cost to build the equipment, and targeting the surfactant´s maximum efficiency. After an introduction about air incorporation in cementitious materials, addressing the main methods and equipment for foam production present in literature, the details of the project, its calibration process and the obtained results are presented. The quality criteria attributed to the foam that measure the efficiency of the device are quantified and discussed. For each device configuration, the variation in the produced foam volume, target density and bubble stability were documented. The results show a relation on the foam quality linked to the outlet nozzle diameter variation as well as the amount of foaming agent employed in the water solution. The foam obtained with the highest quality had a production rate of 70ml/s, density of 43.43kg/m³ and a drainage amount of 4ml for 500ml of foam at rest for 5 minutes. The study demonstrates that despite the use of a low and constant air pressure of 5.80psi, obtained through a small electromagnetic air compressor, the target foam quality was successfully achieved. As a result, a methodology could be established to obtain the best foam regardless of the surfactant used. Because it is a small, low-cost and easy-to-build device, since many components are made by 3D printing, it can be useful in research for the development of lightweight cementitious materials on the bench that require smaller amounts of foam.	438-447	Online
3.	Comparative Study Between a Voice Command Interface and a Chin Joystick for Controlling a Motorized Wheelchair Alexandre Aragão Souza Coelho, Patrícia Soares Micheletto and Walter de Britto Vidal Filho International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 5, pp. 448-459, October 2024. ABSTRACT Motorized wheelchair control interface technologies have been developed to enhance the quality of life for individuals with severe motor impairments. While various types of interfaces have been created over time, invasive systems remain the most commonly used today. This research focuses on wheelchair users who lack movement in both their upper and lower limbs. The objective of this article is to contribute to the advancement of motorized wheelchair control interfaces for quadriplegic individuals. To identify key parameters for the development of improved interfaces, a comparative study was conducted analyzing two specific technologies: the chin joystick and voice control. These two interfaces were designed and assembled for testing; the chin joystick, which is invasive, is widely used, while the voice control interface is non-invasive and less commonly adopted. A software simulator was implemented to assess factors such as ease of use, learning curve, and user adaptation to the interfaces. A systematic comparison method was developed and employed, as discussed in this article. The results, including test data and analyses of the advantages and disadvantages of each interface, are presented in graphical form. The study concluded that, despite being non-invasive and easier to learn, the voice command interface performed less effectively in the developed tests compared to the invasive chin joystick interface.	448-459	Online
4.	Fillet Welds on ASTM A36 Steel Using AWS ERNi-1 Electrode Subjected to “Out-of-Plane” Structural Impact Loads Thiago da Silva Machado and Ivan Guerra Machado International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 5, pp. 460-472, October 2024. ABSTRACT There is a growing interest in the behavior of weldments under extreme loading conditions, such as structural impact loads. This is partly because most Codes and standards for designing welded joints are usually based on tests conducted under quasi-static or fatigue loading conditions. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of GMAW fillet welds on ASTM A36 structural steel using a high ductility electrode (AWS ERNi-1). Fillet welds were made between two sides of equal length of a very thick rectangular plate and a base plate of the same steel. Each pair of weld beads was then subjected to “out-of-plane” structural impact loads combining a relatively large moment due to bending and loads applied transversely to the fillet welds. Impact test results obtained with AWS ERNi-1 were compared with data from tests using a base metal-matching electrode, AWS ER70S-6. In this comparison, it was found that the weldments made with AWS ERNi-1 exhibited fracture initiation energy 213% higher than those made with AWS ER70S-6. Vickers hardness tests were also conducted on weld beads made with AWS ERNi-1. Comparing the hardness results before and after impact, it was found that the weld metal became up to 93% harder and the heat-affected zone up to 42% harder after impact. The fractured surfaces of the AWS ERNi-1 weld beads were analyzed and revealed characteristics typical of ductile fractures.	460-472	Online
5.	Numerical Analysis of the Beam-Column Joint on Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Structures Vinicius Costa Correia and Aline da Silva Ramos Barboza International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 5, pp. 473-487, October 2024. ABSTRACT This study aims to perform a numerical analysis using the finite element method (FEM) on steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) structures, which allows evaluating the influence of the addition of steel fibers on the moment redistribution and on the behavior of the beam. The constitutive relationship of SFRC is made by means of the plastic damage model Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP), when a nonlinear behavior of the composite is adopted. To validate the applicability of the model, a numerical validation was performed, modeling and simulating in ABAQUS the beams and frames tested experimentally. In general, the numerical results indicate a good correlation with the experimental results, thus validating the methodology proposed in this work. The steel fibers increased the stiffness of the beam-column joint, leading to a change in the moment redistribution. The addition of steel fibers also allowed for the reduction of longitudinal reinforcement in the beam.	473-487	Online
6.	Titanium-Based Thin Films Deposited by PVD Processes: A Brief Review Weslley Rick Viana Sampaio, Marcos Cristino de Sousa Brito, Petteson Linniker Carvalho Serra, Renan Matos Monção, Ediones Maciel de Sousa, Lucas Pereira da Silva, Brenda Jakellinny de Sousa Nolêto, Breno de Souza Ribeiro, André Sales Aguiar Furtado, Priscila de Souza Maciel, Ingrid Vieira Fernandes Monteiro, Jéssica Beatriz Dantas, Hélio Cardoso Martim, Lauriene Gonçalves da Luz Silva, Rômulo Ribeiro Magalhães de Sousa, Anielle Christine Almeida Silva International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 5, pp. 488-499 October 2024. ABSTRACT This article provides a brief review of titanium-based thin films deposited using physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes on various types of substrates, and also contains a topic dedicated to the deposition of these films using the cathodic cage plasma deposition (CCPD) technique. Thin films play a crucial role in a variety of industrial applications, including corrosion protection, wear resistance and biomedical applications. Titanium is a widely used material due to its excellent corrosion resistance, high hardness and biocompatibility. PVD methods stand out due to the high deposition rate, lower temperatures and treatment times compared to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes and have been commonly adopted to deposit titanium thin films on various types of substrates due to their ability to produce high quality coatings with good adhesion and uniformity. The fundamental principles of the cathodic cage plasma deposition PVD process and a review, over the last five years, of the main research articles in the PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Springer Link databases, highlighting the main deposition parameters, deposition technique used, results and applications of titanium-based thin films deposited on various types of materials are covered in this article.	488-499	Online
7.	Integration of Weather Radar and Rain Gauge Data: A Statistical and Geostatistical Approach Maria Luíza Teófilo Gandini and Paulo Ivo Braga de Queiroz International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 5, pp. 500-512, October 2024. ABSTRACT For hydraulic-hydrological models to yield results consistent with reality, it is crucial to analyze the quality of the input parameters, aiming to identify any unusual behavior in the data series. Furthermore, combining multiple data sources can be an effective strategy for achieving better results. Combining rainfall estimates from weather radar with surface network measurements can help reduce uncertainties. Data from January, February, March, October, November, and December (rainy months in Brazil’s Southeast region) of 2016 from the Camorim Pequeno station in Angra dos Reis – RJ, Brazil, was analyzed for their fit to Log-Normal and Log-Gamma distributions, the presence or not of outliers, the heteroscedasticity or homoscedasticity, and the shape of the cross-covariograms and cross-correlograms. Cross-covariograms and cross-correlograms between radar and automatic tipping bucket rain gauge data were obtained, demonstrating the correlation of these variables, considering a time difference of 5 to 20 minutes between them.	500-512	Online
8.	Numerical Simulation of Structural Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, and Inconel Alloy 718 Using the Finite Element Method Lukerman Douglas de Almeida and Paulo Anderson Santana Rocha International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 5, pp. 513-527 October 2024. ABSTRACT The aim of this work is the numerical analysis of structural carbon steel solid elements, including medium-strength steel (MS250) and high-strength steel (HS350), as well as 304 stainless steel (SS) and Inconel 718 superalloy (SI). To this end, a mathematical formulation based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) was implemented using the FORTRAN programming language. The aim was to obtain the values of stresses, strains and nodal displacements of the steels and the alloy, assuming that the materials had linear elastic behavior. The von Mises rupture criterion method was used to analyze the stresses. The solid elements were discretized using 4-node tetrahedral (T4) and 8-node hexahedral (H8) finite elements, with each node having three degrees of freedom. In addition, the Gauss-Legendre method (Gauss quadrature) was used to numerically solve the integrals. In order to verify and validate the results obtained with the computer program, comparisons were made with findings in the literature and then numerical analyses of the materials were carried out. The aim of this work is to make a significant contribution to the calculation of stresses, strains and displacements in solids.	513-527	Online
9.	Incorporation of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Thin Films Deposited on AISI 304 Stainless Steel using the Cathodic Cage Technique: A Preliminary Study Weslley Rick Viana Sampaio, Marcos Cristino de Sousa Brito, Petteson Linniker Carvalho Serra, Renan Matos Monção, Ediones Maciel de Sousa, Brenda Jakellinny de Sousa Nolêto, Lauriene Gonçalves da Luz Silva, Lucas Pereira da Silva, Michelle de Medeiros Aires, Thercio Henrique de Carvalho Costa, Maria Celeste Nunes de Melo, Rômulo Ribeiro Magalhães de Sousa, Anielle Christine Almeida Silva International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 5, pp. 528-541, October 2024. ABSTRACT Self-driving vehicles still have a lot of potential to change transportation. But keeping them safe amid the chaos created by multiple drivers is a significant task. This review research presents the argument that a comprehensive strategy beyond automotive AI is necessary for safety. It demonstrates a multimodal safety strategy that is entirely dependent on expertise cooperation and polite communication between autonomous vehicles and all other users of the road. Combining sensor data verbal communication between the vehicle and everything and a well-thought-out human-device interface are some of the important aspects that have been investigated. In addition to stepped forward pedestrian protection reduced injury rates and improved traffic flow this study highlights the application of multi-modal safety. However, examine the difficulties in implementing those rules.	528-541	Online
10.	Enhancement of Microstructural and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Polymer Composite by Introducing Graphene Oxide Mohammed Asif Kattimani, Mohd Ibrahim, Syed Amer Ur Rahman, Ahmed Mohiuddin, Syed Ahmed Hussain International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET), Volume 17 Issue 5, pp. 542-550 October 2024. ABSTRACT Dimethyl ether (DME) stands out as a clean fuel for various applications, especially as a substitute for diesel and LPG. The feasibility of its production has been investigated, with process integration potentially contributing new dimensions of sustainability to the process, both environmentally and economically. In the context of the need to seek alternatives that are advantageous in technical, economic, and environmental aspects, energy integration plays an important role. This study aims to achieve energy integration in the direct synthesis process of dimethyl ether from syngas derived from vinasse, assessing the benefits for the process with the network of heat exchangers generated. Integration calculations were performed using Aspen HYSYS® software with its Aspen Energy Analyzer tool, and cost evaluations of the integrated process were carried out with the Aspen Process Economic Analyzer tool. With energy integration, costs for hot utility are eliminated by 100% and cold utility by 13.6%. This resulted in a reduction of carbon equivalent emissions by approximately 9,850 tons per year and a reduction in the cost of the simulated DME stage by about 4.8 per ton, leading to a final unit cost of $248.12/t considering all production stages. Thus, this study contributes to advancing the feasibility of producing this important biofuel, providing significant economic and environmental benefits.	542-550	Online